合肥市65岁以上老年人抑郁焦虑症状检出率及影响因素分析

目的 分析抑郁、焦虑症状的检出率及影响因素,为积极应对老年心理健康问题,提升心理健康服务能力提供依据。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法抽样,使用电子化结构式调查问卷入户现场调查,调查问卷包括基本信息、病人健康状况问卷抑郁量表和广泛性焦虑量表。抑郁焦虑症状检出率的影响因素分析采用logistic回归分析法,单因素和多因素logistic回归分析分别采用输入法和向前wald法。结果 本次研究共调查1382人,抑郁症状检出率为11.00%,焦虑症状检出率为6.95%,抑郁症状和焦虑症状同时检出率为5.72%。logistic回归分析结果发现对和子女的关系满意度（比较满意 vs. 一般满意: OR=0.193,95%CI:0.077~0.482; 非常满意 vs. 一般满意:OR=0.091, 95%CI:0.032~0.264）、患有心脏病（OR=3.715,95%CI:1.557~8.863）、患有糖尿病（OR=3.095,95%CI:1.237~7.744）和看电视（OR=0.336,95%CI:0.146~0.772）等因素影响抑郁症状检出率,焦虑症状检出率受到对和子女关系满意度（比较满意 vs. 一般满意: OR=0.719,95%CI:0.218~2.372; 非常满意 vs. 一般满意:OR=0.023, 95%CI:0.023~0.693）和看电视（OR=0.269,95%CI:0.079~0.910）等因素影响。结论 合肥市65岁以上老年人群抑郁、焦虑等心理健康问题值得引起人们重视,拥有较高的对和子女关系的满意度以及看电视是老年人抑郁、焦虑症状检出率的保护性因素,患有心脏病、糖尿病等慢性疾病患者的焦虑抑郁问题值得我们给予更多的关注。     

Structural correlates underlying accelerated magnetic stimulation in Parkinson's disease

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique with great potential in the treatment of Parkinson''s disease (PD). This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of accelerated rTMS and to understand the underlying neural mechanism. In a double‐blinded way, a total of 42 patients with PD were randomized to receive real (n = 22) or sham (n = 20) continuous theta‐burst stimulation (cTBS) on the left supplementary motor area (SMA) for 14 consecutive days. Patients treated with real cTBS, but not with sham cTBS, showed a significant improvement in Part III of the Unified PD Rating Scale (p < .0001). This improvement was observed as early as 1 week after the start of cTBS treatment, and maintained 8 weeks after the end of the treatment. These findings indicated that the treatment response was swift with a long‐lasting effect. Imaging analyses showed that volume of the left globus pallidus (GP) increased after cTBS treatment. Furthermore, the volume change of GP was mildly correlated with symptom improvement and associated with the baseline fractional anisotropy of SMA‐GP tracts. Together, these findings implicated that the accelerated cTBS could effectively alleviate motor symptoms of PD, maybe by modulating the motor circuitry involving the SMA‐GP pathway.     

Alterations in event-related potential responses to empathy for pain in Parkinson’s disease on and off medication

ObjectiveHow Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects an individual’s empathic capacity remains poorly understood. By using the event-related potential (ERP) technique, we sought to: (1) study the temporal dynamics of empathic responses in patients with PD; (2) explore whether dopaminergic medication modulates empathic processing.MethodsTwenty-six patients with early-to-moderate PD (13 on– and 13 off-medication) and 14 healthy controls performed an empathy-for-pain paradigm test while we recorded their electroencephalography. The participants responded to neutral or painful pictures during an active empathic condition (pain judgment task) and a control condition that was manipulated by task demands (laterality judgment task).ResultsThe ERP results demonstrated an early automatic frontal response and a late controlled parietal response to pain in healthy elderly controls. The observed early and late ERP responses were detected in the on-medication patients but not in the off-medication patients.ConclusionsPD is associated with deficits in both affective and cognitive empathic responses, dopaminergic medication may have the potential to alleviate these deficits.SignificanceThis study helps to understand empathic deficits in patients with PD. Within-subject studies are required to reliably assess the effect of dopaminergic medication on empathic processing.     

Abnormal MoCA and normal range MMSE scores in Parkinson disease without dementia: Cognitive and neurochemical correlates

BackgroundThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is increasingly being used as a cognitive screening test in Parkinson disease (PD). The MoCA's popularity likely reflects its ability to detect executive dysfunction, a relative deficiency of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).ObjectiveTo compare neurochemical and neuropsychological functions in non-demented PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and without, as defined by MoCA (PD-MCI = MoCA<26).MethodsNon-demented PD subjects underwent combined MoCA and MMSE, detailed cognitive testing and [¹¹C]methyl-4-piperidinyl propionate acetylcholinesterase and [¹¹C]dihydrotetrabenazine monoaminergic PET imaging.ResultsEighteen subjects met MoCA PD-MCI criteria but had MMSE scores in the normal range, compared to 29 subjects with normal MoCA and MMSE scores. The MoCA-defined PD-MCI group had reduced performance in global cognition (t = 2.91, P = 0.0056), most significantly in executive function (t = 3.18, P = 0.002), as well as significant reduction in dorsal caudate nucleus dopaminergic innervation (t = 2.72, P = 0.009) compared to the PD without MCI group. Both MoCA and MMSE had poor diagnostic accuracy for PD-MCI (65.3%) when using the Level 2 Movement Disorder Society Task Force definition.ConclusionPD subjects with normal range MMSE but abnormal MoCA scores had evidence of caudate nucleus dopaminergic denervation and mild cognitive changes, predominantly in executive function. The MoCA may be able to preferentially detect executive dysfunction compared to the MMSE, but the MoCA has limited diagnostic accuracy for PD-MCI, and should not be used alone to make this diagnosis.     

精神科门诊长期使用苯二氮[艹卓]类药物的病人的状况

目的：了解长期应用苯二氮[艹卓]类药物的精神科门诊病人的状况，便于在精神科更好管理和使用苯二氮[艹卓]类药物。方法：我们对安徽省精神卫生中心2004．10．1～2005．3．31门诊就诊的连续使用苯二氮[艹卓]类药物≥1．5年的门诊病人，随机整群抽取66名进行前瞻性调查，并分析所得。结果：长期应用苯二氮[艹卓]类药物精神科门诊病人中神经症、癔症病人占45．5％，分裂症、躁郁症占42．4％；40～59岁占47．0％，老年人（≥60岁）占28．8％；女性病人占66．7％；病程中应用过1～2种苯二氮[艹卓]类药物占81．8％，剂量≤2片／d占95．5％；苯二氮[艹卓]类药物停药失败的首要原因66．7％是停用药后失眠。精神科门诊长期应用苯二氮[艹卓]类药物病人主要是神经症、癔症、分裂症、躁郁症病人，女性、40～59岁占多数，老年人亦占相当部分，精神科门诊病人要停用苯二氮[艹卓]类药物首先需解决的问题是停药之后如何应对失眠。     

青少年精神分裂症患者生活事件及应对方式与家庭功能的相关性研究

目的探讨青少年精神分裂症患者生活事件、应对方式与家庭功能的关系。方法采用青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）、特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）、家庭关怀度指数量表（APGAR）,对53例青少年精神分裂症患者进行调查分析。结果36例（67．92％）青少年精神分裂症患者有家庭功能障碍。不同家庭功能患者ASLEC总分及受惩罚因子评分比较,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。消极应对与家庭功能中的合作度、亲密度呈显著负相关（均P〈0．05）;家庭关怀度指数总分与ASLEC总分存在显著负相关（P〈O．01）。结论青少年精神分裂症患者生活事件、应对方式与家庭功能有关。在对患者心理治疗和护理干预的同时,应对家庭成员进行相关干预,以提升家庭功能。     

Endogenous Deficiency of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Induces the Downregulation of Tryptophan Hydroxylase-2 Expression in Raphe Nuclei of Rapid Ejaculator Rats

BackgroundPremature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most common ejaculatory disorders. Recent studies have suggested a close relationship between the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) system and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), raising the question of whether BDNF plays a role in ejaculation regulation. To our knowledge, no previous studies have explored BDNF level of the central nervous system in ejaculatory disorders. At the same time, the interaction of central BDNF and 5-HT systems has not been undertaken in ejaculation regulation field.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between BDNF and 5-HT levels in raphe nuclei which contains the serotonergic neurons in a rat animal model with different ejaculatory behavior.MethodsEighteen male rats were selected and classified as “sluggish,” “normal,” and “rapid” ejaculators on the basis of ejaculation frequency during copulatory behavioral testing. BDNF and 5-HT levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Real-Time Quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses were used to measure the mRNA level of Tryptophan Hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) gene and the expression of TPH2 protein (the rate-limiting enzyme in central 5-HT synthesis) in raphe nuclei, respectively.OutcomesMale rat sexual behavior, the levels of BDNF and 5-HT in raphe nuclei of rats with different ejaculatory behavior, the mRNA level of gene encoding TPH2 and the expression of TPH2 protein in raphe nuclei.ResultsThe primary finding of our study was that BDNF concentration was significantly decreased in raphe nuclei of rapid ejaculators. There was a strong positive correlation between the levels of BDNF and 5-HT (r = 0.944, P < .001). Further results showed that decreased TPH2 gene expression accompanied by TPH2 protein was shown in rapid ejaculators with lower BDNF level.Clinical ImplicationsWith refinement of current knowledge, BDNF may eventually serve as a promising biomarker in patients with PE.Strengths & LimitationsThere are no previous studies examining the interaction of the brain BDNF and 5-HT in ejaculation regulation field. The main limitation is the limited sample size.ConclusionBDNF may act via increasing the synthesis of central 5-HT in the process of ejaculation regulation. Our results suggest lack of endogenous BDNF induces the downregulation of TPH2 gene expression and the decrease of 5-HT synthesis in raphe nuclei of rapid ejaculator rats. Huang Y, Peng D, Geng H, et al. Endogenous Deficiency of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Induces the Downregulation of Tryptophan Hydroxylase-2 Expression in Raphe Nuclei of Rapid Ejaculator Rats. J Sex Med 2021;18:1491–1499.